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    <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"><FONT size=3><FONT face=[SO>( b<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>R[hQ)</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>LVALʵ1 <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5">&nbsp;<IMG title=pQ>e'Y hnnc6R'Y\ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="zoom(this,' /edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165320412.jpg' ,'images/viewpic')" src="/edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165320412.jpg" onload="return imgzoom(this,550);" border=0></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" IsROCDate="False" IsLunarDate="False" Day="5" Month="2" Year="2010"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO">g<FONT face=[SO><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=5>5</FONT></SPAN>e</FONT></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"> [SSO-N_N4YeR p^Q PTUX0"k{Xdkw|_O mn@w"kPN0eyTvell0[SgN@\(Wdk>NL:Ng<FONT face=[SO><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=5>2</FONT></SPAN>)Yv<SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=5>2010</FONT></SPAN>t^Ώ%f;mR~V 0wP[Sb#0bW0$NN Np0btэI{ O~8nVyvMRcwN 7usY\ ÍSN vQPN =\`0WNS@w6evU`0e%fv_PN0</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"><IMG title=pQ>e'Y hnnc6R'Y\ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="zoom(this,' /edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165401394.jpg' ,'images/viewpic')" src="/edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165401394.jpg" onload="return imgzoom(this,550);" border=0></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"><FONT face=[SO>&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO"><FONT face=[SO><IMG title=pQ>e'Y hnnc6R'Y\ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="zoom(this,' /edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165455406.jpg' ,'images/viewpic')" src="/edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208165455406.jpg" onload="rLVAL$<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial"><IMG title=pQ>e'Y hnnc6R'Y\ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="zoom(this,' /edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208151102254.jpg' ,'images/viewpic')" src="/edit/uploadfile/201002/20100208151102254.jpg" onload="return imgzoom(this,550);" border=0></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ޏeeg [S[GN-N]OoR;N-^݄</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">pQ^)R(u][GPOo`e meQGe[QgINRc[</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">YMOsYQglc~Tyezv(Y NV 0N[OeSu;m ΏcNt^%fv0Reg0yYvLR mSS_0WQgYSOv}Yċ0Vy`y0Ny </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5"></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: [SO; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></P>促进生长和防止细菌性腹泻，饲喂的无机来源Cu和Zn（硫酸铜和氧化锌）的药理学水平往往大大高于生理需要量。这些排泄物可以造成土壤和水的污染，而且可能对植物和动物有很强的毒性，甚至对土壤中的微生物具有毒性。正是由于这个原因，欧盟动物饲料委员会提出了远远低于目前认可水平的最高含量水平（表3）。

    表3 欧盟目前和建议的日粮Cu和Zn最高水平 mg/kg

    猪的类型

    		 Cu Zn

    目前

    建议

    目前

    建议

    ＜10周

    175

    30

    250

    100

    10～16周

    175

    20

    250

    100

    ＞16周

    35

    20

    250

    100

    种用母猪

    35

    20

    250

    100

        5 对几种微量元素研究的新进展
        5.1 铜
        Cu是中枢神经系统、免疫系统和心血管系统以及皮肤色素沉着保持正常功能所必需的营养物质。虽然Cu的最低需要量只有5～10mg/kg，但是，高水平的Cu可以刺激动物的生长。在猪的日粮中，Cu特别是Cu的硫酸盐（硫酸铜）被作为生长促进剂使用。但是，最近的研究表明，有机来源的Cu促进生长比硫酸铜更有效，并可以使Cu的排泄保持在最低的水平。谷物中一般含4～6mg/kg铜，而油籽中的Cu含量比较高（15～30mg/kg）。鱼粉中的Cu含量一般低于10mg/kg。Smits等（2000）测定了饲喂添加硫酸铜（150mg/kg Cu）或有机铜（40mg/kg Cu，BioplexTMCu，一种Cu的螯合物）对生长和肥育猪性能的影响，结果表明饲喂40mg/kg有机铜的猪达到了与饲喂150mg/kg硫酸铜相同的性能，且在粪便中排泄Cu的数量大幅度减少。在饲喂40mg/kg BioplexTMCu的猪粪便中Cu的浓度比饲喂硫酸铜的猪低3～4倍（表4）。

    表4 饲喂不同来源Cu猪的生长性能和粪便的Cu排泄

    日 粮 对照（不添加Cu） 硫酸铜（150mg/kg Cu） BioplexTMCu（40mg/kg Cu）